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Objective@#To investigate the compliance of functional exercises and identify its influencing factors among young and middle-aged stroke patients, so as to provide insights into rehabilitation management among young and middle-aged stroke patients.@*Methods@#Stroke patients at ages of 18 to 59 years were recruited from those receiving rehabilitation treatment in Tongde Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University from January 2021 to June 2022. Participants' demographics and clinical data were collected through questionnaire surveys. The compliance of functional exercises was assessed using Stroke Functional Exercise Adherence Questionnaire, and patients' social support, exercise self-efficacy and depression were assessed using the Social Support Rating Scale, Exercise Self-efficacy Scale and Self-rating Depression Scale. The factors affecting functional exercise compliance were identified among young and middle-aged stroke patients with a multivariable linear regression model.@*Results@#A total of 230 questionnaires were allocated and 213 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 92.61%. The respondents included 129 men (60.56%) and 84 women (39.44%) and had a mean age of (53.49±7.95) years. The total score of functional exercise compliance was (41.37±9.11) points among the participants. Multivariable linear regression analysis identified education level (β'=0.376), monthly household income per capita (β'=0.309), history of stroke onset (β'=-0.238), rehabilitation instruction (β'=0.284), depression (β'=-0.261), exercise self-efficacy (β'=0.152), and social support level (β': 0.277 to 0.415) as factors affecting the functional exercise compliance among young and middle-aged stroke patients.@*Conclusion@#Education level, income, history of stroke onset, depression, exercise self-efficacy and social support may affect the compliance of exercise compliance among young and middle-aged stroke patients.
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Objective@#To investigate the self-care activities and their influencing factors among young and middle-aged patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM ), so as to provide the basis for the care management of T2DM.@*Methods@#T2DM patients at ages of 18 to 59 years that were admitted to Department of Endocrinology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Zhejiang University were selected using the convenient sampling method from January to August 2021, and the demographic data were collected using questionnaires, including gender, age and educational levels. The self-care level was measured using the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities ( SDSCA ) was used to assess self-management behaviors, and the social support level was evaluated using the Social Support Rating Scale ( SSRS ), while the coping modes were assessed using the Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire ( MCMQ ). Factors affecting the self-care activities were identified among young and middle-aged patients with T2DM using multivariable linear regression analysis.@*Results@#The 342 respondents included 185 men ( 54.07% ) and 157 women (45.93% ), and had a mean age of ( 43.76±3.82 ) years. The total score of self-care activities was ( 94.22±18.74 ), and the overall scoring rate was 72.48%, including 63 cases with high scores ( 18.42% ), 208 cases with moderate scores ( 60.82% ) and 71 cases with low scores ( 20.76% ). Multivariable linear regression analysis identified gender ( women, β'=0.213 ), educational level ( high school/technical secondary school, β'=0.187; diploma and above, β'=0.411 ), household monthly income per capita (5 000 Yuan and higher, β'=0.390), course of disease ( >5 years, β'=0.340 ), history of receiving health education targeting diabetes ( β'=0.411 ), coping mode ( avoidance, β'=0.195; confronce, β'=0.367 ) and social support level ( general, β'=0.206; high, β'=0.383 ) as factors affecting self-care activities among young and middle-aged patients with T2DM.@*Conclusions@#The overall self-care activities at a moderate level among young and middle-aged patients with T2DM, which are associated with gender, educational level, economic income, course of disease, health education targeting diabetes, coping mode and social support level.
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OBJECTIVES: To explore changes in self-reported oral health in middle-aged Koreans over a period of 9 years. METHODS: This study design was a cross-sectional analysis. This study analyzed the data of 18,845 middle-aged (45-64 years) subjects who participated in 4-6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES). A complex-sample chi-square test was used to analyze self-reported poor oral health according to sex, household income, and education. A complex-sample logistic regression analysis was used to identify the changes in the factors. SPSS 23.0 and the R ver. 3.5.1 statistical package were used for the analyses. RESULTS: Poor oral health have been decreased by 5.3% over the 9-year period. Middle-aged men were more likely to report their oral health as worse than women. The lower income and education groups reported their oral health as poor compared to the higher income and education groups. The factors affecting self-reported poor oral health over the 9-year period were sex, income, and education. CONCLUSIONS: More than half of the aged population reported their oral health as poor. Oral health policies should be established for the aged population, including the middle-aged population, for long-term plans.
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Female , Humans , Male , Cross-Sectional Studies , Education , Family Characteristics , Korea , Logistic Models , Oral HealthABSTRACT
Objective To estimate the association between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and cardiovascular events as well as all-cause mortality events.Methods During 2009-2010,out of the 11 623 individuals,1 000 participants aged 35-64 years,were recruited and divided into 12 age-groups,to have received a study on CVD risk factors.Information on the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases was also collected.Fasting blood sample was gathered for all the participants,with hs-CRP tested.Participants in 7 out of the 12 sites were followed,with 6.21 years (36 075 personyears) as the median follow-up period.Cardiovascular and all-cause mortality events were collected.A total of 6 177 participants had been followed after excluding participants who had baseline infections,or did not take hs-CRP test/physical examination at the baseline.Finally,5 984 participants were included for analysis.Participants were categorized into three groups based on the hs-CRP (mg/L) values:＜ 1,1-3 and ＞3,respectively.Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to analyze the relationships between hs-CRP with cardiovascular events or all-cause mortality events,after adjusting for confounding factors.Results Mean age of the participants was 50.2 years.The incidence rates of cardiovascular disease events were 3.6/1 000 person-years,7.1/1 000 person-years,and 10.4/1 000 person-years among three groups and 3.0/1 000 person-years,5.7/1 000 person-years,9.1/1 000 person-years for all-cause mortality events,respectively.After adjusting for confounding factors,the hazard risks (HR) for cardiovascular events were 1.33 (95％CI:0.95-1.84) in the hs-CRP 1-3 mg/L group and 1.76 (95％CI:1.20-2.60) in the hs-CRP＞3 mg/L group when comparing with the hs-CRP＜ 1 mg/L group (trend test P=0.003).The HRs for all-cause mortality events were 1.76 (95％CI:1.23-2.54) and 2.64 (95％CI:1.74-4.01) (trend test P＜0.001),respectively.Conclusion Hs-CRP appeared an independent predictor for cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality events.
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Objective To estimate the association between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and cardiovascular events as well as all-cause mortality events.Methods During 2009-2010,out of the 11 623 individuals,1 000 participants aged 35-64 years,were recruited and divided into 12 age-groups,to have received a study on CVD risk factors.Information on the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases was also collected.Fasting blood sample was gathered for all the participants,with hs-CRP tested.Participants in 7 out of the 12 sites were followed,with 6.21 years (36 075 personyears) as the median follow-up period.Cardiovascular and all-cause mortality events were collected.A total of 6 177 participants had been followed after excluding participants who had baseline infections,or did not take hs-CRP test/physical examination at the baseline.Finally,5 984 participants were included for analysis.Participants were categorized into three groups based on the hs-CRP (mg/L) values:＜ 1,1-3 and ＞3,respectively.Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to analyze the relationships between hs-CRP with cardiovascular events or all-cause mortality events,after adjusting for confounding factors.Results Mean age of the participants was 50.2 years.The incidence rates of cardiovascular disease events were 3.6/1 000 person-years,7.1/1 000 person-years,and 10.4/1 000 person-years among three groups and 3.0/1 000 person-years,5.7/1 000 person-years,9.1/1 000 person-years for all-cause mortality events,respectively.After adjusting for confounding factors,the hazard risks (HR) for cardiovascular events were 1.33 (95％CI:0.95-1.84) in the hs-CRP 1-3 mg/L group and 1.76 (95％CI:1.20-2.60) in the hs-CRP＞3 mg/L group when comparing with the hs-CRP＜ 1 mg/L group (trend test P=0.003).The HRs for all-cause mortality events were 1.76 (95％CI:1.23-2.54) and 2.64 (95％CI:1.74-4.01) (trend test P＜0.001),respectively.Conclusion Hs-CRP appeared an independent predictor for cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality events.
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Objective: To study the risk factors for prevalence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in young and middle-aged population. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted in 110100 subjects at the age of (18-98) years who received physical examination in Kailuan Group from 2012-06 to 2014-10. Based on the limitations of male≤53 years and female≤63 years, a total of 62367 subjects were enrolled in our study. The subjects were followed-up for 2 years by the end point event of AMI to analyze the risk factors ofAMI occurrence. Results: According to AMI occurrence at the follow-up period, the subjects were divided into 2 groups: AMI group, n=56 and Control group, n=62152. Compared with Control group, AMI group had increased BMI, SBP, DBP and elevated blood levels of LDL-C, TG; AMI group also showed the higher ratios of subjects with the history of diabetes and taking anti-hypertension medication. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis indicated that age (RR=1.37), male (RR=60.54), LDL-C (RR=1.12), and TG (RR=5.93) were the risk factors forAMI occurrence in young and middle-aged population, allP<0.05. Conclusion: Age, male gender, blood levels of LDL-C, and TG were the risk factors for AMI occurrence in young and middle-aged population.
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Objective To explore the correlation between hypokalemia and sudden death in young and middle-aged people. Methods One hundred and twenty-nine young and middle-aged patients with sudden death during treatment were selected as observation group. Then 100 cases of healthy volunteers were randomly selected as control group. The incidence of cardiovascular disease, incidence of hypokalemia and intake of potassium were compared between 2 groups. Results The incidences of hypertension, arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, heart failure and hypokalemia in observation group were significantly higher than those in control group: 17.05% (22/129) vs. 5.00%(5/100), 13.18% (17/129) vs. 2.00% (2/100), 26.36% (34/129) vs. 9.00% (9/100), 9.30% (12/129) vs. 1.00% (1/100) and 55.04% (71/129) vs. 12.00% (12/100), and there were statistical differences (P<0.01). The ratios of higher, common, lower intake of potassium in observation group were 1.55%(2/129), 27.91% (36/129) and 70.54%(91/129), in control group were 15.00% (15/100), 58.00% (58/100) and 27.00% (27/100), and there was statistical difference (P<0.01). Logistic regression analysis result showed that hypertension, arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, heart failure, hypokalemia and lower intake of potassium were the risk factor for sudden death (P<0.01). The incidences of hypertension, arrhythmia, myocardial infarction and heart failure in hypokalemia patients were significantly higher than those in normokalemia patients: 28.92% (24/83) vs. 2.05% (3/146), 19.28% (16/83) vs. 2.05% (3/146), 44.58%(37/83) vs. 4.11% (6/146) and 13.25% (11/83) vs. 1.37% (2/146), and there were statistical differences (P<0.01). The incidence of hypokalemia in people with lower intake of potassium was significantly higher than that in people with higher and common intake of potassium: 56.78% (67/118) vs. 2/17 and 14.89%(14/94), and there was statistical difference (P<0.01). Conclusions There is a significant correlation between hypokalemia and sudden death in young and middle-aged people. Preventive measures of sudden death should be made according to serum potassium level in clinic. People should pay attention to the uptake of potassium in daily life.
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Objective To estimate the prevalence of eight chronic non-communicable diseases ( NCDs) and associated common risk factors among Chinese middle-aged and older population . Methods The prevalence of eight NCDs and five common risk factors for NCDs among adults aged 50 years and older were estimated based on the survey data from SAGE-China wave Ⅰ.Ordinal logistic regression models were performed to examine the associated risk factors and social determinates for multiple chronic conditions . Results Adjusting for design weights and post-stratification , the proportions of insufficient vegetables and fruits intake ,low level of physical activity , current daily smoking use , obesity and frequent heavy drinker were 35.6%, 28.1%, 26.7%, 12.8% and 6.3%, respectively.And the prevalence of hypertension , arthritis, angina, chronic lung disease , diabetes, stroke, asthma and depression were 61.3%, 22.0%, 7.9%, 7.9%, 6.6%, 3.1%, 1.9%and 0.3%, separately.The proportion of multiple chronic condi-tions was 28.4%.The older elderly, women, living in the urban, more risk factors would increase the risk of multiple chronic conditions . Conclusion The prevalence of NCDs is very high and multiple chronic conditions are common among middle-aged and older population .Hence, more attentions should be paid and multiple effective control measures should be taken .